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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be angry, offended face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäèòüñÿ, îáèæàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- (IM , AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 152-153. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"te(re) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bog, marsh face="Times New Roman Star"áîëîòî face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ter, ko"te| (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"dre face="Times New Roman Star"ku"dre face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ter (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 154-155. face="Times New Roman Star"*kep(i)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dry out 2 to extinguish, disappear face="Times New Roman Star"1 âûñûõàòü 2 èñ÷åçàòü, ïðîïàäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"kepi- ( ? kebi-) (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kip- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ke|p- 1, ke|bi- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 'to pound, demolish' face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 'to push' face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kip- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1, kebi- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, ÝÑÒß 5, 45-46, Stachowski 145 (but the Yak. and Dolg. forms hardly to *ge:b- 'chew'). face="Times New Roman Star"*Katar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to turn (a horse) back, preventing it from going; to turn (the enemy) back 2 to drive, pursue 3 to pasture 4 to keep watch 5 to wait face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâîðà÷èâàòü (ëîøàäü) âñïÿòü; îáðàùàòü âðàãà â áåãñòâî 2 ãíàòü, ïðåñëåäîâàòü 3 ïàñòè 4 íàáëþäàòü 5 æäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qatar- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"katarla-, katala- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 604, ÝÑÒß 5, 337. face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bread face="Times New Roman Star"õëåá face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK ), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.) face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmek face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"k face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmek face="Times New Roman Star"ipek face="Times New Roman Star"itpa"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpek face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek face="Times New Roman Star"iekmek face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations. face="Times New Roman Star"*bud- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to freeze 2 to be sad, sorry face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàìåðçàòü 2 ãðóñòèòü, òîñêîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"bud|- (MK ) 'to die of cold' face="Times New Roman Star"buj-, bij-, bu"j-, bujux- (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bojyq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buj-g|ur- 1, bujug| 'cold' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"byj-, bujux- (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"buj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"puzux- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bu:q- 2 (borrowed?) face="Times New Roman Star"bujuq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bujyq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bojoq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bujuq- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bujuq- 1; 'äðåìàòü' face="Times New Roman Star"bujuq- 'ñæèìàòüñÿ îò õîëîäà èëè èñïóãà' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 298, ÝÑÒß 2, 242-243. face="Times New Roman Star"*du"r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sort, kind, shape 2 various face="Times New Roman Star"1 âèä, ôîðìà, ïîðîäà 2 ðàçíîîáðàçíûé face="Times New Roman Star"to"rlu"g 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"to"rlu"g 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rlu" 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rli 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"rlu"g 1 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"turli 2 face="Times New Roman Star"du"rlu" (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"du"rli 2 face="Times New Roman Star"t@w|rl@w| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rli 2, tu"r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rli 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"rlo" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rlu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rlu" 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rlu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rli 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rlu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 546-547, ÝÑÒß 3, 327-328 (loan of forms like Kaz. tu"r < Mong. du"ri is hardly acceptable, despite EDT ibid.). face="Times New Roman Star"*KAkma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of sheepskin face="Times New Roman Star"âèä îâ÷èíû face="Times New Roman Star"qaqma (CCum ., ShS ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ek- ( ? -i-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"silk bead embroidery face="Times New Roman Star"âûøèâêà áèñåðîì ïî øåëêó face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin 'embroidered brocade' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?igen 'golden embroidery' (R - Kas.); c?ig- 'to embroider' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin 'floral designs embroidered in silk' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sige- 'to embroider' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ij tigis? 'âûøèâàíèå ãëàäüþ' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 415-416, ÄÒÑ 143. Despite Clauson, cannot be < Chin. face="Times New Roman Star"*b(i)a>k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bad, evil face="Times New Roman Star"ïëîõîé, äóðíîé, íåãîäíûé face="Times New Roman Star"bag|aj face="Times New Roman Star"bag|ajy 'fool, monster' face="Times New Roman Star"ba'q face="Times New Roman Star"ba'q face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 57. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?a:rba- (*c?a:rma-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 squirrel 2 sable, marten face="Times New Roman Star"1 áåëêà 2 ñîáîëü, êóíèöà face="Times New Roman Star"sarbax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?arbaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?yrbyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sa:rba 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 100, 403. A regional Siberian root. face="Times New Roman Star"*jur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"patch of cloth, rag face="Times New Roman Star"ëîñêóòû, ëîõìîòüÿ face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"joron (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?urux face="Times New Roman Star"d'urun face="Times New Roman Star"s/orúm 'bundle of flax or hemp' face="Times New Roman Star"c?uruq face="Times New Roman Star"c?uruq face="Times New Roman Star"z?uryn (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jorqaq, joron face="Times New Roman Star"z?|urun face="Times New Roman Star"jurq- 'to pinch (hair)' face="Times New Roman Star"z?uryndy face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 970, ÝÑÒß 4, 255-256, Àøì. XII, 270. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAgatur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hero face="Times New Roman Star"ãåðîé face="Times New Roman Star"bag|atur (Orkh., n. pr.) face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar. ) bahatur, CCum . bag|atur face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"ma:dyr face="Times New Roman Star"ba:tyr face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 313, VEWT 55. Cf. the name of the Xiongnu shanyu, MC ma^w-ton (*mag|u-tur). This Turkic word was borrowed into numerous surrounding languages (Iranian, Mongolian etc., see the literature in ÝÑÒß ). Modern forms like batyr, batur are back-borrowings from Mong.; forms of the type baxatir - back-borrowings from Persian. face="Times New Roman Star"*da:l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sink 2 ocean face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòü(ñÿ) 2 ìîðå, îêåàí face="Times New Roman Star"taluj 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tal-, dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"da:l- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tal- (Castr. ) `swim' face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 133-134 (to be separated from *Tal- `to faint'); EDT 502 (the Chinese etymology of OT taluj seems hardly plausible: the compound MC da^\j-lwi is not attested, and we would expect *Tajluj, not *Taluj anyway). face="Times New Roman Star"*gEc?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of flower face="Times New Roman Star"âèä öâåòêà face="Times New Roman Star"gec?emz?|ek 'ëàñòîâåíü îñòðûé', gec?igec?i 'ïàñòóøüÿ ñóìêà'. face="Times New Roman Star"kúc?kú 'catkins, aglets, flower buds' ( > Mari kic?ke 'willow buds'?) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?u"k 'catkins, aglets, flower buds' face="Times New Roman Star"Ôåäîòîâ 1, 264. Not quite secure, since the root is (folk-etymologically?) contaminated either with gec?e 'goat' or with *gu":c?u"k 'puppy'. face="Times New Roman Star"*jAt- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"winter rye face="Times New Roman Star"îçèìàÿ ðîæü face="Times New Roman Star"c?adyg| 'bush' (Sag.) face="Times New Roman Star"jadyg|an (Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"d/adag|an face="Times New Roman Star"c?adag| 'low plant' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 177. face="Times New Roman Star"*jor- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to tire, tired face="Times New Roman Star"óñòàâàòü, óñòàëûé face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jorul-, jorg|un face="Times New Roman Star"jorul- (Ettuhf. , AH ), jorg|un (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jorul-, jorg|un face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jorg|un face="Times New Roman Star"jorul-, jorg|un face="Times New Roman Star"jorul-, jorg|un face="Times New Roman Star"jorul- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207, ÝÑÒß 4, 223. face="Times New Roman Star"*do"le- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tranquil, sedate, quiet face="Times New Roman Star"ñïîêîéíûé, òèõèé, ìèðíûé face="Times New Roman Star"to"lek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"do"le-k, do"len- face="Times New Roman Star"to"lek (Chag.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"lek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 498, VEWT 504. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAryl/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wolf face="Times New Roman Star"âîëê face="Times New Roman Star"kas?kyr, dial. kas?g|yr 'a bear' face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qe|s?qir, dial. qe|rs?iqul face="Times New Roman Star"kas?kúr < Qypch. face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?qyr face="Times New Roman Star"qasqyr face="Times New Roman Star"qarysqyr, qasqyr face="Times New Roman Star"qas?qyr face="Times New Roman Star"qasqyr face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 160., ÝÑÒß 5, 352. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ton|a (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tiger face="Times New Roman Star"òèãð face="Times New Roman Star"ton|a (Orkh.) 'a military title', (OUygh.) 'hero' face="Times New Roman Star"ton|a (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 515 (with some doubts about the original meaning of the word).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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